The inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 using UV-C LED also becomes a significant concern for its practical importance in mitigating COVID-19 transmission. It also exhibits several advantageous features such as environmental friendliness, energy savings, compact size, low cost, and durability 9. While germicidal UV-C Mercury (Hg) lamp is widely used in water treatment and air handling units 8, the directionality of LED offers a more targeted and safer alternative compared to the Hg lamp.
![point surce zemax file 2009 point surce zemax file 2009](https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/ContentImages/Journals/JBOPFO/23/2/026003/FigureImages/JBO_23_2_026003_f004.png)
Light-based inactivation using Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light sources (220 < λ <280 nm) has been proven to be one of the most efficient ways of inactivating a wide range of microbes and viruses by destroying their DNAs or RNAs, including SARS-CoV-2 6, 7. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a safe and effective non-contact sanitising solution to prevent fomite transmission in public spaces. As a consequence, internationally coordinated efforts have been put into large-scale medical, scientific, economic, and public undertakings to prevent fomite transmission, particularly for high touch surfaces in public environments 3.Įxisting surface disinfection approaches such as chemical spraying 4, thermal treatment 5, or surface wiping can be labor-intensive, costly, and consumes high energy. A respiratory infection such as SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted from direct physical contact with the virus from an infected person’s respiratory fluids or via droplets on surfaces and aerosol transmission 1, 2. These ray-tracing-based simulations provide a useful guideline for safe deployment and efficient design for germicidal UV-C LED technology.Ĭoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first detected in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and has since sparked a global pandemic. We optimise a specific UV-C LED germicidal system and its corresponding exposure time according to the simulation results. A realistic case of public space, i.e., a food court in Singapore, has been numerically investigated to demonstrate the relative impact of environmental UV-C attenuation on the SARS-CoV-2 inactivation. Based on the published measurement data, the level of SARS-CoV-2 inactivation has been defined as a function of UV-C irradiation. The UV-C operating space can be divided into the safe, buffer, and germicidal zones for setting up a UV-C LED system. The tool can input the radiant profile of the flexible LED source and accurately yield the irradiance distribution emitted from an LED-based system in 3D environments.
![point surce zemax file 2009 point surce zemax file 2009](https://www.mdpi.com/applsci/applsci-09-05452/article_deploy/html/images/applsci-09-05452-g006.png)
#Point surce zemax file 2009 software
The results are benchmarked with experiments and Zemax OpticStudio commercial software simulation to demonstrate our simulator's easy accessibility and high reliability.
![point surce zemax file 2009 point surce zemax file 2009](https://support.zemax.com/hc/article_attachments/1500007446602/KA-01443_16_Comparison.png)
This paper proposes an investigating SARS-CoV-2 inactivation on surfaces with UV-C LED irradiation using our in-house-developed ray-tracing simulator.